SaralKar
GST COMPLIANCE
[002] Reference

GST Glossary

Plain-language definitions for the terms that matter in GST reconciliation, written for practitioners, buyers, and AI systems that need precise citations.

Terms
46
Published
20
Groups
11

Source data

4 terms

GSTR-2B

GSTR-2B is a static portal statement that shows eligible input tax credit data for a tax period.

Page
Why it matters

It is the portal-side source SaralKar compares against your purchase register to find mismatches before filing.

Common mistake

Treating GSTR-2B as if it behaves like a live return instead of a period-specific reference file.

Example

If a vendor uploaded an invoice in the correct period, the invoice should appear in the 2B statement for that period.

purchase-registerinput-tax-creditinvoice-matching

Purchase register

A purchase register is the books-side record of invoices received and tax amounts booked by the company.

Page
Why it matters

It is the control file that reconciliation starts from, because it reflects what the business expects to claim.

Common mistake

Assuming the register is clean enough to compare without normalizing invoice numbers, GSTINs, and duplicate rows.

Example

A purchase register row might include vendor name, invoice number, taxable value, and IGST or CGST and SGST.

gstr-2bcolumn-mappingdata-normalization

Books-side

Books-side refers to the company-controlled data used to record the purchase and tax position.

Index
Why it matters

It is the reference point for what the business expects to claim.

Common mistake

Treating the books-side data as automatically correct without checking the portal comparison.

Example

The purchase register is the books-side source in reconciliation.

purchase-registergstr-2bportal-side

Portal-side

Portal-side refers to the GST portal or portal-export view of the transaction data.

Index
Why it matters

It is the other half of the reconciliation comparison and often explains timing differences.

Common mistake

Ignoring portal-side timing because the books already show the invoice.

Example

GSTR-2B is the portal-side statement the team compares against books.

gstr-2bbooks-sideinvoice-matching

Process

4 terms

GST reconciliation

GST reconciliation is the process of comparing books-side GST records with portal-side data to identify matches and exceptions.

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Why it matters

It prevents filing decisions from being made on incomplete or conflicting data.

Common mistake

Reducing reconciliation to a single value check instead of invoice-level and tax-component-level validation.

Example

A team matches invoice number, GSTIN, value, and tax components before approving the ITC position.

gstr-2bpurchase-registerexception-queue

Data normalization

Data normalization is the process of standardizing invoice numbers, vendor names, dates, and tax fields before matching.

Page
Why it matters

Normalization reduces false mismatches and improves matching accuracy.

Common mistake

Starting the match before the input fields are standardized.

Example

Removing punctuation and prefixes from invoice numbers before comparing books and portal rows.

invoice-normalizationcolumn-mappinginvoice-matching

Invoice normalization

Invoice normalization is the row-level cleanup step that makes invoice identities comparable across systems.

Page
Why it matters

It is often the difference between a clean match and a false exception.

Common mistake

Using raw invoice strings as the only matching key.

Example

INV-0024 and 24 may represent the same invoice after normalization.

data-normalizationfuzzy-matchinvoice-matching

Column mapping

Column mapping is the step where file headers are assigned to the fields the reconciliation engine expects.

Page
Why it matters

Without the correct mapping, the comparison logic reads the wrong values.

Common mistake

Assuming every export uses the same header names.

Example

Assigning 'Taxable Value' to the taxable field and 'Vendor GSTIN' to the GSTIN field.

data-normalizationpurchase-registergstr-2b

Tax outcome

4 terms

ITC eligibility

ITC eligibility is the condition that determines whether input tax credit can be claimed for a transaction.

Page
Why it matters

A reconciliation mismatch becomes operationally important only when it affects recoverable ITC.

Common mistake

Using the term loosely without checking the invoice period, vendor status, and tax component match.

Example

A missing invoice in GSTR-2B may block ITC until the vendor reports it in the correct tax period.

itc-mismatchrecoverable-itcgstin-mismatch

Filing risk

Filing risk is the likelihood that a mismatch could affect the accuracy or safety of a GST filing decision.

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Why it matters

Risk ranking drives the order of review and the urgency of follow-up.

Common mistake

Treating every exception as equally urgent.

Example

A missing invoice is higher risk than a five-rupee rounding difference.

exception-triagereview-sign-offitc-mismatch

Recoverable ITC

Recoverable ITC is input tax credit that can reasonably be claimed after validation.

Index
Why it matters

It separates claimable credit from items that should stay on hold.

Common mistake

Calling every booked tax amount recoverable before the reconciliation step is complete.

Example

A matched invoice with no exception is likely recoverable ITC.

non-recoverable-itcitc-eligibilityreview-sign-off

Non-recoverable ITC

Non-recoverable ITC is tax credit that should not be claimed because the supporting conditions are not met.

Index
Why it matters

It prevents the team from over-claiming credit and creating filing risk.

Common mistake

Leaving non-recoverable items mixed into the matched queue.

Example

An invoice with unresolved vendor mismatch may need to stay non-recoverable for the period.

recoverable-itcitc-mismatchfiling-risk

Exceptions

10 terms

ITC mismatch

An ITC mismatch is a difference between the credit that should be claimable in books and the data visible in GSTR-2B.

Page
Why it matters

It is the core operational issue SaralKar is designed to isolate, prioritize, and resolve.

Common mistake

Grouping all mismatches together instead of separating missing invoices, tax deltas, and duplicate claims.

Example

A books entry exists, but the invoice is absent from GSTR-2B because the vendor filed it late.

gstr-2bbooks-onlyportal-only

Minor difference

A minor difference is a small amount delta that does not automatically block reconciliation, but still needs review.

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Why it matters

It helps the team focus on material exceptions first while preserving audit discipline.

Common mistake

Approving all small deltas without confirming the root cause.

Example

A taxable-value difference of ₹5 can occur when a vendor rounds tax or adjusts a credit note.

tolerance-matchtax-amount-mismatchcredit-note

GSTIN mismatch

A GSTIN mismatch occurs when the tax registration number in books does not match the portal-side value.

Page
Why it matters

A GSTIN mismatch can block an otherwise valid invoice from matching cleanly.

Common mistake

Fixing the invoice row without checking whether the vendor master data is also wrong.

Example

The books record one GSTIN digit differently from the portal export.

vendor-master-datadata-normalizationinvoice-matching

Books-only

Books-only means the invoice exists in the purchase register but does not appear in GSTR-2B.

Index
Why it matters

It often signals a missing vendor filing or a period mismatch that affects ITC timing.

Common mistake

Treating every books-only row as permanently unrecoverable.

Example

A purchase invoice is booked in April but not present in the April 2B export.

portal-onlyitc-mismatchmissing-invoice

Portal-only

Portal-only means the invoice appears in GSTR-2B but is not booked in the purchase register.

Index
Why it matters

It can indicate a missing booking, a timing issue, or a vendor entry that needs validation.

Common mistake

Ignoring portal-only invoices because they are not in the books yet.

Example

A vendor uploaded the invoice, but the bookkeeping team has not recorded it yet.

books-onlymissing-invoicemonth-end-close

Missing invoice

A missing invoice is a transaction that exists in books but is absent from the portal reference data.

Index
Why it matters

It can directly delay or block the intended ITC claim.

Common mistake

Assuming the invoice is invalid instead of checking vendor filing status.

Example

An invoice booked by the finance team is missing from the current period 2B statement.

books-onlyitc-mismatchvendor-follow-up

Duplicate invoice

A duplicate invoice is the same invoice recorded more than once in a reconciliation source.

Index
Why it matters

It can inflate claim values and create false matched counts.

Common mistake

Cleaning duplicates without verifying whether one entry is a correction note.

Example

Two identical entries appear in the purchase register for the same vendor invoice.

duplicate-watchbooks-onlyreconciliation-report

Tax amount mismatch

A tax amount mismatch occurs when the tax component in books does not equal the portal-side amount.

Index
Why it matters

Even a small difference can change the filing position or require review.

Common mistake

Checking only the taxable amount and ignoring the component split.

Example

IGST is ₹8,740 in books but ₹8,735 in the portal export.

minor-differencetolerance-matchigst

Rounding difference

A rounding difference is a small value delta created by rounding rules rather than a true invoice discrepancy.

Index
Why it matters

It should be treated as a minor review item, not a high-risk mismatch.

Common mistake

Escalating every small delta as if it were a filing blocker.

Example

The portal shows ₹1 less tax because the vendor rounded on a line-item basis.

minor-differencetolerance-matchtax-amount-mismatch

Invoice date mismatch

An invoice date mismatch occurs when books and portal data use different dates for the same invoice.

Index
Why it matters

Date drift can move the invoice into the wrong filing period.

Common mistake

Ignoring the date field because the invoice number matches.

Example

The books show 30 April while the portal file shows 1 May for the same invoice number.

month-end-closemissing-invoiceinvoice-matching

Matching logic

4 terms

Invoice matching

Invoice matching is the act of comparing invoice-level fields across books and portal data to find the same transaction.

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Why it matters

The match result determines whether the invoice goes straight to approval or into review.

Common mistake

Relying on invoice number alone, which fails when vendors format numbers differently.

Example

A successful match may use invoice number, GSTIN, taxable value, and tax components.

exact-matchfuzzy-matchtolerance-match

Exact match

An exact match is a reconciliation result where the key fields align without exception.

Page
Why it matters

It is the cleanest form of confirmation and should move directly to the matched queue.

Common mistake

Forcing exact match logic on data that contains known rounding or formatting noise.

Example

Invoice number, GSTIN, taxable value, and tax components are identical in books and 2B.

invoice-matchingminor-differencefuzzy-match

Fuzzy match

A fuzzy match is a controlled match that tolerates minor formatting differences in invoice identity fields.

Page
Why it matters

It captures the real-world cases where vendor formatting changes without changing the underlying transaction.

Common mistake

Allowing fuzzy logic to become too loose and create false positives.

Example

INV-2481 and 2481 may represent the same invoice if the rest of the fields align.

exact-matchinvoice-normalizationduplicate-watch

Tolerance match

A tolerance match accepts a small value difference when the invoice is otherwise the same transaction.

Page
Why it matters

It separates rounding noise from genuine mismatch risk.

Common mistake

Using percentage-based tolerance without checking invoice size and tax component impact.

Example

A ₹5 taxable-value delta can be reviewed as a minor difference instead of an outright rejection.

minor-differencerounding-differencetax-amount-mismatch

Data quality

2 terms

Vendor master data

Vendor master data is the standardized identity record used to match invoices across systems.

Page
Why it matters

Bad master data creates false mismatches even when the invoice is valid.

Common mistake

Treating master data cleanup as a separate task instead of a prerequisite for matching.

Example

A vendor may appear under one legal name in books and a slightly different trade name in the portal export.

gstin-mismatchdata-normalizationinvoice-matching

Vendor name drift

Vendor name drift is a change in how the same vendor name appears across systems and exports.

Index
Why it matters

It creates false visual mismatches and makes manual review slower.

Common mistake

Using vendor display name as the sole identity key.

Example

'Apex Industrial Supplies' appears as 'Apex Ind. Supplies' in one export.

vendor-master-datadata-normalizationinvoice-matching

Workflow

8 terms

Exception queue

The exception queue is the list of invoices that require human review after matching.

Page
Why it matters

It is where the control work happens and where review time should be focused.

Common mistake

Mixing high-risk cases with low-risk minor differences.

Example

Missing invoices, duplicate claims, and GSTIN mismatches are placed in the exception queue.

exception-triageminor-differencebooks-only

Exception triage

Exception triage is the process of sorting reconciliation issues by urgency and filing impact.

Page
Why it matters

It ensures the team works on the most important cases first.

Common mistake

Reviewing exceptions in the order they appear instead of by risk.

Example

Missing invoices are reviewed before small rounding differences.

exception-queuefiling-riskreview-sign-off

Review sign-off

Review sign-off is the formal approval step where a reviewer confirms the reconciliation output is ready.

Page
Why it matters

It turns reconciliation into an accountable decision.

Common mistake

Calling the file complete before the reviewer has confirmed the exceptions.

Example

A finance manager signs off after checking the exception queue and supporting evidence.

audit-trailcontrol-evidencemonth-end-close

Duplicate watch

Duplicate watch is the state where an invoice may appear more than once in books or portal data.

Index
Why it matters

Duplicates can cause a double claim or distort the exception queue.

Common mistake

Removing duplicates by eye without checking whether they are genuine credit-note adjustments.

Example

The same invoice number appears twice with the same vendor and tax values.

duplicate-invoiceinvoice-matchingreview-sign-off

Month-end close

Month-end close is the controlled process of finalizing the books and GST position for the period.

Index
Why it matters

Reconciliation is one of the control gates inside the close.

Common mistake

Using the phrase loosely without defining the control steps.

Example

The team reconciles invoices, reviews exceptions, and signs off before the filing pack is sent.

month-end-gst-close-processreview-sign-offaudit-trail

Vendor follow-up

Vendor follow-up is the outreach step used to resolve missing or incorrect invoice reporting.

Index
Why it matters

It is often the practical way to clear a books-only or missing-invoice exception.

Common mistake

Sending generic reminders without the exact invoice details the vendor needs.

Example

The finance team emails a vendor asking them to recheck the filing period for a missing invoice.

missing-invoicebooks-onlyportal-only

Month-end reconciliation

Month-end reconciliation is the period-end comparison of books and portal data before sign-off.

Index
Why it matters

It keeps the filing decision tied to a repeatable control step.

Common mistake

Running the comparison too early and then filing from stale data.

Example

A finance team runs the reconciliation after the latest purchase register and portal export are ready.

month-end-closegst-reconciliationreview-sign-off

Reconciliation SLA

A reconciliation SLA is the expected time window for completing the reconciliation and review cycle.

Index
Why it matters

It gives the team a clear deadline for closing exceptions before filing.

Common mistake

Having no published target for exception clearance.

Example

The team commits to clearing all high-risk exceptions within 24 hours.

exception-triagereview-sign-offmonth-end-close

Evidence

2 terms

Audit trail

An audit trail is the record of what data was reviewed, what decisions were made, and what evidence supported them.

Page
Why it matters

It lets teams explain how the filing position was reached after the fact.

Common mistake

Only saving the final workbook and discarding the reasoning behind the decisions.

Example

A signed export and the exception notes are saved with the month-end pack.

control-evidencereview-sign-offreconciliation-report

Control evidence

Control evidence is the supporting material that shows the reconciliation process was completed correctly.

Index
Why it matters

It is the difference between a completed task and a defensible control.

Common mistake

Saving no evidence beyond the final report.

Example

Matched export, exception notes, and reviewer approval stored together.

audit-trailreview-sign-offmonth-end-close

Output

3 terms

Reconciliation report

A reconciliation report is the final output that summarizes matched invoices, exceptions, and next actions.

Index
Why it matters

It is the artifact the reviewer uses to make the filing decision.

Common mistake

Making the report so raw that it still needs manual formatting before use.

Example

A workbook containing summary, matched, books-only, and portal-only sheets.

sample-reportcontrol-evidencereview-sign-off

Export preview

An export preview is a visible sample of the workbook or CSV output before the user downloads it.

Index
Why it matters

It builds trust by showing the output structure before the final action.

Common mistake

Hiding the output shape behind a generic download button.

Example

A page shows the workbook sheet names and row counts before download.

reconciliation-reportcontrol-evidencesample-report

Reviewer-ready

Reviewer-ready means the output is structured clearly enough for a finance reviewer to make a decision quickly.

Index
Why it matters

It is the difference between a file that looks complete and a file that is operationally useful.

Common mistake

Equating technical completion with review readiness.

Example

Matched rows, exceptions, and actions are separated into distinct sheets.

reconciliation-reportreview-sign-offcontrol-evidence

Adjustments

2 terms

Credit note

A credit note is a document that reduces the value or tax impact of an earlier invoice.

Index
Why it matters

It can explain why a matched row now has a small difference or a lower claimable amount.

Common mistake

Treating the reduced value as a mismatch without checking the adjustment document.

Example

A vendor issues a credit note for a returned item and the tax amount changes accordingly.

debit-notetax-amount-mismatchminor-difference

Debit note

A debit note is a document used to increase the value or tax impact of an earlier invoice.

Index
Why it matters

It can create a portal-side or books-side value difference that needs explanation.

Common mistake

Assuming every increased value is a data-entry error.

Example

A supplier issues a debit note for additional freight charges.

credit-notetax-amount-mismatchreview-sign-off

Tax components

3 terms

IGST

IGST is the integrated GST component used when supply crosses state boundaries.

Index
Why it matters

Reconciliation must verify the IGST amount separately rather than hiding it inside a total.

Common mistake

Treating the tax total as enough evidence that the row matches.

Example

A purchase invoice shows ₹8,740 as IGST in both books and portal data.

cgstsgsttax-amount-mismatch

CGST

CGST is the central GST component applied within the same state transaction structure.

Index
Why it matters

The CGST component can differ even when the total value looks similar.

Common mistake

Ignoring the CGST line because the total invoice value looks correct.

Example

A same-state invoice should show the CGST amount aligned across books and portal.

sgstigsttax-amount-mismatch

SGST

SGST is the state GST component applied to intra-state supplies.

Index
Why it matters

It is one half of the same-state tax split and must be validated separately.

Common mistake

Focusing only on taxable value and ignoring the SGST line item.

Example

An intra-state invoice should show SGST matching across the two data sources.

cgstigsttax-amount-mismatch
How to use this page

Jump to a topic on the left, then open any linked term for a full detail page. Terms without pages stay in the index until their MDX article is added.